ToxSci Advance Access originally published online on November 13, 2007
Toxicological Sciences 2008 102(1):3-14; doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfm270
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Perfluoroalkyl Acids and Related Chemistries—Toxicokinetics and Modes of Action
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* The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
Medical Department, 3M Company, St. Paul, Minnesota 55144
IneosChlor, Manchester, UK
DuPont Haskell Laboratories, DuPont, Newark, Delaware 19714
¶ Reproduction Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
|| Risk Assessment Division, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460
||| Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812
1 To whom correspondence should be addressed at Medical Department, 3M Company, 3M Center 220-06-W-08, St Paul, MN 55144. Fax: (651) 733-1773. E-mail: jlbutenhoff{at}mmm.com.
Received August 16, 2007; accepted October 28, 2007
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Abstract |
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The perfluoroalkyl acid salts (both carboxylates and sulfonates, hereafter designated as PFAAs) and their derivatives are important chemicals that have numerous consumer and industrial applications. However, recent discoveries that some of these compounds have global distribution, environmental persistence, presence in humans and wildlife, as well as toxicity in laboratory animal models, have generated considerable scientific, regulatory, and public interest on an international scale. The Society of Toxicology Contemporary Concepts in Toxicology Symposium, entitled "Perfluoroalkyl Acids and Related Chemistries: Toxicokinetics and Modes-of-Action Workshop" was held February 14–16, 2007 at the Westin Arlington Gateway, Arlington, VA. In addition to the Society of Toxicology, this symposium was sponsored by 3M Company, DuPont, Plastics Europe, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The objectives of this 3-day meeting were to (1) provide an overview of PFAA toxicity and description of recent findings with the sulfonates, carboxylates, and telomer alcohols; (2) address the toxicokinetic profiles of various PFAAs among animal models and humans, and the biological processes that are responsible for these observations; (3) examine the possible modes of action that determine the PFAA toxicities observed in animal models, and their relevance to human health risks; and (4) identify the critical research needs and strategies to fill the existing informational gaps that hamper risk assessment of these chemicals. This report summarizes the discourse that occurred during the symposium.
Key Words: perfluoroalkyl acids; toxicokinetics; modes of action.
The information in this document has been subjected to review by the Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics and the Office of Research and Development of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.