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© 1988 Oxford University Press

research-article

Lung Response to Ultrafine Kevlar Aramind Synthetic Fibrills Following 2-Year Inhalation Exposure in Rats

K. P. LEE, D. P. KELLY, F. O.O' NEAL, J. C. STADLER and G. L. KENNERY, JR

Central Research & Development Department, E.I.du Poni de Nemours & Company Haskell Laboratory for Toxicology and Insdustrial Medicne Elkion Road, P.O. Box 50, Newark, Delaware 19714

Received March 6, 1987; accepted January 18, 1988

Lung Response to Ultrafine Kevlar Aramid Synthetic Fibrils following 2-Year Inhalation Exposure in Rats. LEE K. P., KELLY D.P. O'NEAL F. O., STADLER, J. C., AND KENNEDY G. L., JR (1988). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 11, 1-20. Four groups of 100 male and 100 female rats were exposed to ultrafine Kevlar fibrils at concentrations of 0, 2.5,25, and 100 fibrils/cc for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 2 years. One group was exposed to 400 fibrils/cc for 1 year and allowed to recover for 1 year. At 2.5 fibrils/cc, the lungs had normal alveolar architecture with a few dust-laden macrophages (dust cell response) in the alveolar airspaces. At 25 fibrils/cc, the lungs showed a dust cell response, slight Type II pneumocyte hyperplasia, alveolar bronchiolariation, and a negligible amount of collagenized fibrosis in the alveolar duct region. At 100 fibrils/cc, the same pulmonary responses were seen as at 25 fibrilsol;cc. In addition, cystic keratinizing squa- mous cell carcinoma (CKSCC) was found in 4 female rats, but not in male rats. Female rats had more prominent foamy alveolar macrophages, holesterol granulomas, and alveolar bronchio-larization. These pulmonary lesions were related to the development of CKSCC. The lung tumors were derived from metaplastic squamous cells in areas of alveolar bronchiolarization. At 400 fibrils/cc following 1 year of recovery, the lung dust content, average fiber length, and the pulmonary lesions were markedly reduced, but slight centriacinar emphysema and minimal collagenized fibrosis were found in the alveolar duct region. One male and 6 female rats developed CKSCC. The lung tumors were a unique type of experimentally induced tumors in the rats and have not been seen as spontaneous tumors in man or animals. Therefore, the relevance of this type of lung tumor to the human situation is minimal.


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