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© 1989 Oxford University Press

research-article

Chronic Morpholine Exposure of Rats

RAYMOND D HARRISON, DALE J MARINO*, C. CLIFFORD CONAWAY{dagger}, LIONEL F RUBIN{ddagger} and JAY GANDY§

Center for Environmental Toxicology, University of Florida Alachua, Florida 32615; *Texaco, Inc. Beacon, NewYork 12508; {dagger}American Health Foundation, Valhalla, New York 10595; Franklin, Tennessee 37064 {ddagger}School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 §University ofArkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas 72205

Received May 10, 1988; accepted September 16, 1988

Chronic Morpholine Exposure of Rats. HARBISON, R. D., MARINO, D. J., CONAWAY, C. C., RUBIN, L. F., AND GANDY, J. (1989). Fundam Appl. Toxicol. 12,491–507. The chronic toxicity and carcinogenic potential of morpholine were evaluated in 60 Sprague-Dawley rats/sex/group receiving morpholine at mean inhalation exposure concentrations of 0, 10, 50 and 150 ppm for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week, for 104 weeks. Survival, body weight gains, organ weights, hematology, and clinical chemistries were normal in exposed groups and comparable to those of the control animals. The incidences of palpable tissue masses and of histologically confirmed neoplasia were comparable among all groups, including the control groups, and were typical of the strain and age of the rats tested. In-life clinical examinations revealed increased incidences of irritation around the eyes and nares, chromadacryorrhea, and urine stains on the fur, predominately in high-dose animals. Morpholine exposure was associated with corneal irritation seen by ophthalmoscopic examination and confirmed microscopically as keratitis limited to the highest exposure group. Irritation of the maxillary and nasoturbinates as indicated by infiltration of neutrophils, focal squamous metaplasia of the turbinate epithelium, and necrosis of the turbinate bone was observed in high-dose animals. Therefore, chronic exposure of rats to morpholine for 2 years at concentrations of 150 ppm or less revealed no carcinogenic potential or chronic systemic toxicity. Consistent with its known irritating properties, morpholine produced only local irritation, which was limited almost exclusively to high-dose animals.


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