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© 1990 Oxford University Press

other

The Relationship between pKa and Skin Irritation for a Series of Basic Penetrants in Man

BRET BERNER*,1, DONALD R. WILSON{dagger}, ROBERT J. STEFFENS*, GERARD C. MAZZENGA*, ROBERT HINZ{ddagger}, RICHARD H. GUY{ddagger},2 and HOWARD I. MAIBACH§

*CIBA-GEIGY Corporation 444 Saw Mill River Road, Ardsley, New York 10502 {dagger}CYGNUS 701 Galveston Drive, Redwood City, California 94063 {ddagger}University of California, Departments of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry San Francisco, California 94143 §University of California Medical School, Department of Dermatology San Francisco, California 94143

Received August 4, 1989; accepted July 6, 1990

The Relationship between pKa and Skin Irritation for a Series of Basic Penetrants in Man. BERNER, B., WILSON, D. R., STEFFENS, R. J., MAZZENGA, G. C., HINZ, R., GUY, R. H., AND MAIBACH, H. I. (1990). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol 15, 760–766. For a series of bases, which penetrate through human skin in vitro at similar rates (0.056–0.49 µM/cm²/hr), penetrant pKa is shown to correlate with erythema, edema, and color meter readings. As estimates of irritation, erythema, edema, and redness measurements are highly linearly correlated. For the selected series, irritation becomes significant for bases with a pKa > 8. The irritation potential of acids with pKa ≤ 4 has been previously reported; pKa appears highly predictive of acute skin irritation for acids and bases in man.


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