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© 1992 Oxford University Press

other

Comparison of the Immunotoxicity of Propanil and Its Metabolite, 3,4-Dichloroaniline, in C57BI/6 Mice

JOHN B. BARNETT*, JAY GANDY{dagger}, DARIN WILBOURN* and SUE A. THEUS*

* Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas 72205 {dagger} Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas 72205

Received June 3, 1991; accepted December 12, 1991

Propanil (3,4-dichioropropionaniine), used extensively as a postemergence herbicide in rice and wheat, has as its major metabolite, 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA). Propanil has previously been shown to affect the T cell-dependent antibody response. To determine the immunotoxicity of DCA, as well as extend the previous immunotoxicity studies, several T cell-dependent and -independent immune responses were determined after DCA or propanil exposure. Unlike propanil, DCA caused a significant reduction in T-dependent antibody production (anti-SRBC response) only at a high dose (150 mg/kg). DCA or propanil at 150 or 200 mg/kg, respectively, caused a significant reduction in the number of anti-DNP antibody producing cells. However, doses of 37 or 50 mg/kg of DCA or propanil, respectively, caused an increase in the number of anti-DNP antibody producing cells. These data indicate that both propanil and DCA have a differential effect on the T-independent antibody response depending on the dose. Similar to propanil, DCA (at 150 mg/kg) caused a significant increase in spleen weight and cellularity. The effect of DCA or propanil on selected cellular immune functions was also determined. DCA caused a significant decrease in the natural killer (NK) cell activity at doses of 75 or 150 mg/kg. and propanil caused a significant decrease at 100 or 200 mg/kg. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity, however, was unaffected even at 150 or 200 mg/kg DCA or propanil, respectively. Thus, it appears that T cells are relatively resistant to the effects of propanil and DCA, whereas, other immune cell types, e.g., NK cells are sensitive to its effects.


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