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© 1992 Oxford University Press

other

Chemical Allergy: Molecular Mechanisms and Practical Applications1

IAN KIMBER*, G. FRANK GERBERICK{dagger}, HENK VAN LOVEREN{ddagger} and ROBERT V. House§

*ICI Central Toxicology Laboratory Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TJ, United Kingdom {dagger}Human and Environmental Safety Division, The Procter and Gamble Company Miami Valley Laboratories, PO Box 398707, Cincinnati, Ohia, 45239-8707 {ddagger}Laboratory for Pathology, National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands §Life Sciences Research, IIT Research Institute 10 West 35th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616

Received June 10, 1992; accepted June 11, 1992

Allergic reactions can be defined as the adverse, tissue-damaging, and sometimes fatal consequences of specific immune responses, usually to exogenous antigens. In the context of toxicology it is allergic reactions resulting from immune responses to chemicals and drugs which are of greatest relevance. The allergy may take a variety of forms including contact hypersen sitivity (allergic contact dermatitis), respiratory hypersensitivity (with symptoms ranging from mild rhinitis to severe asthma), and various types of comparatively ill-defined reactions which in many respects resemble autoimmunity. Of these contact hypersensitivity is the most frequently encountered health problem resulting from the interaction of chemicals with the immune system. A wide variety of chemicals are able to induce contact sensitization. Some of these are, in addition, known to cause respiratory hypersensitivity, a less frequent, but no less impor tant, form of chemical allergy.


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