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© 1994 Oxford University Press

review-article

Immunomodulation by Metals

JUDITH T. ZELIKOFF*,1, RALPH SMIALOWICZ{dagger}, PIERLUIGI E. BIGAZZI{ddagger}, ROBERT A. GOYER§, DAVID A. LAWRENCE||, HOWARD I. MAIBACH and DONALD GARDNER**

*New York University Medical Center 550 First Avenue. New York, New York 10016 {dagger}U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park North Carolina 27711 {ddagger}University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, Connecticut 06032 §University of Western Ontario London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada ||Albany Medical College, Albany New York 12208 ¶University of California Hospital San Francisco, California 94143 **Mantech Environmental, Research Triangle Park North Carolina 27709

Received August 6, 1993; accepted August 23, 1993

A symposium entitled Immunomodulation by Metals was held at the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology (SOT) in New Orleans, Louisiana. The symposium was cosponsored by the Immunotoxicology and Metals Specialty Sections of SOT and was designed to describe the types of adverse immunological reactions which occur in response to environmental and/or occupational exposure to metals. Epidemiological evidence and underlying mechanisms responsible for the observed alterations were also discussed. The following is a summary of each of the individual presentations.


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