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© 1995 Oxford University Press

research-article

Comparison of the Relative Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase and Neuropathy Target Esterase in Rats and Hens Given Cholinesterase Inhibitors

MARION EHRICH*, BERNARD S. JORTNER* and STEPHANIE PADILLA{dagger}

*Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 {dagger}United States Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711

Received December 27, 1993; accepted June 28, 1994

Inhibition of neuropathy target esterase (NTE, neurotoxic esterase) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities was compared in brain and spinal cords of adult While Leghorn hens and adult male Long Evan rats 4–48 hr after admiriistration of tri-ortho-tolyl phosphate (TOTP po, 50–500 mg/kg to hens; 300–1000 mg/kg to rats), phenyl saligenin phosphate (PSP im 0.1–2.5 mg/kg to hens; 5–24 mg/kg to rats), mipafox (3–30 mg/kg ip to hens and rats), diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP sc, 0.25–1.0 mg/kg to hens; 1–3 mg/kg to rats), dichlorvos (5–60 mg/kg ip to hens; 5–30 mg/kg to rats), malathion (75–300 mg/kg po to hens; 600–2000 mg/kg to rats), and carbaryl (300–560 mg/kg ip to hens; 30–170 mg/kg to rats). Inhibitions of NTE and AChE were dose-related after administration of all compounds to both species. Hens and rats given TOTP, PSP, mipafox, and DFP demonstrated delayed neuropathy 3 weeks later, with spinal cord lesions and clinical signs more notable in hens. Ratios of NTE/AChE inhibition in hen spinal cord, averaged over the doses used, were 2.6 after TOTP, 5.2 after PSP, 1.3 after mipafox, and 0.9 after DFP, which contrast with 0.53 after dichlorvos, 1.0 after malathion, and 0.46 after carbaryl. Rat NTE/AChE inhibition ratios were 0.9 after TOTP, 2.6 after PSP, 1.0 after mipafox, 0.62 after DFP, 1.3 after dichlorvos, 2.2 after malathion, and 1.1 after carbaryl. The lower NTE/AChE ratios in rats given dosages of the four organophosphorus compounds that caused delayed neuropathy interferred with survival, an effect that was not a problem in hens. This observation, along with the absence of overt and specific clinical signs and the restricted presence of neuropathological lesions in rats, suggests that the hen remains the animal of choice for testing for organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy.


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