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© 1996 Oxford University Press

research-article

Developmental Phase Specificity and Dose-Response Effects of 2-Methoxyethanol in Rats1

R. B. SLEET*,2, F. WELSCH{dagger}, C. B. MYERS* and M. C. MARR*

*Center for Life Sciences and Toxicology, Research Triangle Institute Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 {dagger}Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709

Received March 20, 1995; accepted June 27, 1995

Methoxyethanol (ME) produces embryotoxic effects in rodents, rabbits, and nonhuman primates. Mechanistic evaluations of ME dysmorphogenesis have focused mainly on developmental insults and chemical disposition in the mouse. These assessments in mice were based on developmental phase specificity (DPS) and dose response relationship (DRR) of ME. DPS and DRR indicated treatments for selectively inducing defects to study ME disposition and expressed dysmorphogenesis. This study was conducted to establish DPS and DRR of ME in the rat. DPS was determined by injecting 500 mg ME/kg (6.6 mmol/kg) into the tail vein on Gestational Day (gd; sperm-positive day = gd 0) 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 (n=6 dams/gd; saline controls on gd 12). On gd 20, embryolethality incidence was 100% after gd 10 dosing; at gd 11 through 15, it was 50, 32, 15, 2, and 5%, respectively (control, 2%). Incidences of external defects in live fetuses exposed on gd 11–15 were 97, 98, 100, 44, and 0% and those of viscera were 100, 62, 44, 10, and 0%, respectively. The predominant anomalies observed were ectrodactyly and renal agenesis. DRR was determined on gd 13, when live embryos/litter and external malformations (ectro and syndactyly, micromelia) were maximal. Dams (n=8/dose group) were injected intravenously with 0, 100, 250, 350, or 500 mg ME/kg. On gd 20, fetal defect rates were 0, 0, 82.5, 83.0, and 100% at these concentrations, respectively. Based on these studies, appropriate ME doses, times of maternal exposure, and critical phases of development in the rat model are available for reproducing selective defects to investigate biochemical and pharmacokinetic determinants underlying their expression.


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