Toxicological Sciences, Vol 47, 1-8, Copyright © 1999 by Society of Toxicology
JP Vanden Heuvel
Peroxisome proliferators (PPs) are an important group of chemicals that
include certain hypolipidemic drugs, plasticizers and pollutants. Many of
these agents are known rodent liver tumor promoters and debate exists as to
whether humans are at increased cancer risk following exposure to PPs.
Research over the last decade has focused on determining the biochemical
and molecular mechanisms by which peroxisome proliferators exert their
effects, in the hope that this controversy will be settled. PPs regulate
gene expression via a steroid hormone receptor, the peroxisome
proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR). At least three subtypes of PPAR
(alpha, beta and gamma) have been cloned from several species, including
humans. These receptors have been implicated in tumor promotion, cellular
differentiation, and apoptosis. In the present article, the current
understanding of how PPARs are involved in tumorigenesis, and what this may
mean to human risk assessment, will be discussed.
ARTICLES
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARS) and carcinogenesis
Department of Veterinary Science, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA. jpv2@psu.edu
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