Toxicological Sciences, Vol 47, 23-32, Copyright © 1999 by Society of Toxicology
G Carrier and RC Brunet
Azinphosmethyl (APM) is one of the most common insecticides used in fruit
farming. The object of this paper is to develop a quick and practical test
for assessing the risk for humans coming into contact with APM. It has been
shown that the principal component of occupational and/or accidental
exposure is through the skin (C. A. Franklin et al., 1981, J. Toxicol.
Environ. Health 7, 715-731), but our approach is applicable to exposures
via any route or a combination of routes. The method proposed in the
present paper can accommodate a single-event exposure or repeated exposures
over long periods. Urinary alkylphosphate (AP) metabolites are reliable
bioindicators of the presence of APM in the body; they are easily
accessible and can be used to estimate APM body burden. We developed a
simple toxicokinetic model to link the time varying APM body burden to
absorbed doses and to rates of elimination in the form of AP urinary
metabolites. Using this model and data available in the literature, we are
able to propose a "no observed adverse effect level" (NOAEL) for APM body
levels and for corresponding absorbed doses. We have established that after
a single exposure, the safe limit corresponding to the NOAEL is reached at
a cumulative 0.215 mumoles AP/kg bw eliminated in urine in the first 24
hours following the beginning of exposure. For repeated daily exposures at
steady state, the corresponding urinary AP metabolite level is equal to a
cumulative 0.266 mumoles AP/kg bw eliminated per 24 hours.
ARTICLES
A toxicokinetic model to assess the risk of azinphosmethyl exposure in humans through measures of urinary elimination of alkylphosphates
Departement de Medecine, Faculte de medecine, Universite de Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. BOUCHARD, G. CARRIER, R. C. BRUNET, P. DUMAS, and N. NOISEL Biological Monitoring of Exposure to Organophosphorus Insecticides in a Group of Horticultural Greenhouse Workers Ann. Hyg., July 1, 2006; 50(5): 505 - 515. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. H. GOSSELIN, R. C. BRUNET, G. CARRIER, and A. DOSSO Worker Exposures to Triclopyr: Risk Assessment Through Measurements in Urine Samples Ann. Hyg., July 1, 2005; 49(5): 415 - 422. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. M. Buratti, A. D'Aniello, M. T. Volpe, A. Meneguz, and E. Testai MALATHION BIOACTIVATION IN THE HUMAN LIVER: THE CONTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT CYTOCHROME P450 ISOFORMS Drug Metab. Dispos., March 1, 2005; 33(3): 295 - 302. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Bouchard, R. C. Brunet, P.-O. Droz, and G. Carrier A Biologically Based Dynamic Model for Predicting the Disposition of Methanol and Its Metabolites in Animals and Humans Toxicol. Sci., December 1, 2001; 64(2): 169 - 184. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Rigas, M. S. Okino, and J. J. Quackenboss Use of a Pharmacokinetic Model to Assess Chlorpyrifos Exposure and Dose in Children, Based on Urinary Biomarker Measurements Toxicol. Sci., June 1, 2001; 61(2): 374 - 381. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|