Toxicological Sciences, Vol 49, 86-92, Copyright © 1999 by Society of Toxicology
T Gordon and K Galdanes
Several physical, chemical, and microbial factors are potential
contributors to the adverse pulmonary effects associated with occupational
exposure to machining fluid aerosols. The present study examined the
relative toxicity of 3 major classes of machining fluids (soluble,
semi-synthetic, and synthetic) as well as that of unused (fresh) versus
used (grab samples taken from manufacturing sites) machining fluids.
Pulmonary function and changes in cellular and biochemical indices in
bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were examined during and 24 h after exposure,
respectively. Statistically significant differences in toxicity were
observed in guinea pigs exposed for 3 h to respirable aerosols of unused
machining fluids (semi-synthetic > soluble >> synthetic). In
addition, greater toxicity was observed in animals exposed to used,
machining fluid aerosols compared to unused fluids. Moreover, within the
used machining fluid types, significantly greater adverse effects were
observed in animals exposed to poorly maintained fluids (i.e., heavy
microbial contamination) versus well- maintained fluids. Changes in
biochemical and cellular parameters in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
occurred after a single exposure to 5 mg/m3 of the poorly maintained used
machining fluid aerosols. Changes in inflammation but not LDH and protein
were observed in animals repeatedly exposed to semi-synthetic machining
fluid aerosols. A statistically significant increase in lavage fluid
neutrophils was observed in guinea pigs exposed to 5 mg/m3 used,
semi-synthetic machining fluid aerosols for 4 weeks. In separate
experiments, physicochemical properties of unused machining fluids were
found to contribute to the production of adverse effects. Adjustment of the
alkaline and hypotonic nature of the unused semi-synthetic machining fluid
to isotonicity and pH 7 significantly reduced adverse effects. Together,
these findings strongly suggest that multiple factors contribute to the
adverse respiratory effects associated with occupational exposure to
machining fluid aerosols.
ARTICLES
Factors contributing to the acute and subchronic adverse respiratory effects of machining fluid aerosols in guinea pigs
New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo 10987, USA. gordont@charlotte.med.nyu.edu
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  P. S. Thorne, A. Adamcakova-Dodd, K. M. Kelly, M. E. O'Neill, and C. Duchaine Metalworking Fluid with Mycobacteria and Endotoxin Induces Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis in Mice Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., April 1, 2006; 173(7): 759 - 768. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. H. Al-Humadi, L. Battelli, P. A. Willard, D. Schwegler-Berry, V. Castranova, and C. Kommineni Effects of metal working fluids on B6C3F1 mouse skin Toxicology and Industrial Health, July 1, 2000; 16(6): 203 - 210. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|