Toxicological Sciences, Vol 50, 236-243, Copyright © 1999 by Society of Toxicology
LS Lindahl, L Bird, ME Legare, G Mikeska, GR Bratton and E Tiffany-Castiglioni
The apparent ability of astroglia to serve as a lead (Pb) sink in the
mature brain may result from either their strategic location, between the
blood-brain barrier and neurons, or from intrinsic differences between the
ability of astroglia and neurons to accumulate this metal. This phenomenon
may be dependent on the degree of cell differentiation. In order to address
the latter possibility, Pb accumulation was compared among the following
cell culture models: (1) mature and immature rat astroglia, (2)
undifferentiated SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells and SY5Y cells
differentiated with nerve growth factor, (3) immature rat astroglia grown
in differently conditioned media, some of which induce partial
differentiation, and (4) rat astroglia and SY5Y cells in co-culture.
Astroglial cultures, prepared from 1-day-old rat cerebral hemispheres, were
exposed to 1 microM Pb after either 14 (immature) or 21 (mature) days in
culture. Pb content of the cells was measured by atomic absorption
spectroscopy. Immature astroglia took up less Pb when glutathione (GSH) was
added to the medium, suggesting that GSH may regulate Pb uptake in these
cells. Undifferentiated neuroblastoma cells accumulated more Pb than did
the differentiated ones. Astroglia accumulated up to 24 times more Pb than
did neuronal cells. This ability was enhanced by exposure to conditioned
medium from a neuroblastoma cell line, but not by endothelial
cell-conditioned medium, although this medium induced the expression of a
glutamate- activated Ca2+ response. Our findings are in agreement with in
vivo studies, and thus validate the use of these cell-culture models for
future studies on differential mechanisms of Pb uptake.
ARTICLES
Differential ability of astroglia and neuronal cells to accumulate lead: dependence on cell type and on degree of differentiation
Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, USA.
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