Toxicological Sciences, Vol 52, 209-216, Copyright © 1999 by Society of Toxicology
PH Hoet, LP Gilissen, M Leyva and B Nemery
The spraying of a paint formula (Acramin F system) had led to severe
pulmonary disease in textile printing sprayers in Spain and Algeria
(Ardystil syndrome). In order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the
toxicity of this paint and its main polymeric components, Acramin FWR,
Acramin FWN, Acrafix FHN, and Acramoll W, we have undertaken studies using
a battery of different cell-types and assessing in vitro cytotoxicity by
measuring LDH leakage. This study shows that, as in in vivo studies, the
three polycationic paint components, Acramin FWR (a polyurea), Acramin FWN
(a polyamide-amine), and Acrafix FHN (a polyamine) exhibited considerable
cytotoxicity (LC50 generally below 100 microg/ml for an incubation of 20-24
h) in vitro, while Acramoll W, which is not a polycation, was almost
non-toxic (in the concentration range tested). The cytotoxicity was
comparable in primary cultures of rat and human type II pneumocytes and
alveolar macrophages as well as in the pulmonary cell line A549 and the
hepatic cell line HepG2. In human erythrocytes, the toxicity was less
pronounced. We speculate that the multiple positive charges play an
important role in the toxic mechanism. It is concluded that Acramin FWR and
Acramin FWN have similar intrinsic toxicity and that these polymeric
compounds, which have no irritant properties or systemic toxicity when
given orally, exert a high, unexpected, degree of cytotoxicity.
ARTICLES
In vitro cytotoxicity of textile paint components linked to the "Ardystil syndrome"
Laboratory of Pneumology (Unit of Lung Toxicology), K.U. Leuven, Belgium.
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