Toxicological Sciences, Vol 52, 41-48, Copyright © 1999 by Society of Toxicology
MA Lane, DK Ingram and GS Roth
The effects of calorie restriction (CR) on life span, disease, and aging in
physiological systems have been documented extensively in rodent models.
However, whether CR has similar effects in longer-lived species more
closely related to humans remains unknown. Studies of CR and aging using
nonhuman primates (rhesus monkeys) have been ongoing for several years at
the National Institute on Aging and the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
The majority of data published from these studies are consistent with the
extensive findings reported in rodents. For example, monkeys on CR weigh
less and have less body fat. Monkeys on CR also exhibit lower body
temperature, fasting blood glucose and insulin, and serum lipids. In
addition, insulin sensitivity is increased in monkeys on CR. Recent efforts
in the NIA study have focused on the effect of this intervention on risk
factors for various age-related diseases, in particular for diabetes and
cardiovascular disease. We have shown that monkeys on CR have lower blood
pressure, reduced body fat, and a reduced trunk:leg fat ratio. Also,
monkeys on CR have reduced triglycerides and cholesterol and have increased
levels of HDL2B. Low levels of this HDL subfraction have been associated
with increased cardiovascular disease in humans. In short-term studies,
older (> 18 years) monkeys on CR exhibit reductions in insulin and
triglycerides before changes in body composition and fat distribution
became evident. These and other findings have suggested that CR might have
beneficial effects on certain disease risk factors independent of
reductions in body weight or prevention of obesity.
ARTICLES
Calorie restriction in nonhuman primates: effects on diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk
Intramural Research Program, Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, NIH Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA. MLANE@vms.grc.nia.nih.gov
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