Toxicological Sciences, Vol 52, 13-16, Copyright © 1999 by Society of Toxicology
D Kritchevsky
Investigation into the influence of energy restriction in cancer has gone
through 3 distinct periods. After the initial observation by Moreschi in
1909, there was about a decade of active research in this area. Then
interest waned, possibly because the field had gone as far as it could,
considering the knowledge and methodology available at the time. Interest
was rekindled in 1940 due, principally, to the work coming from the
laboratories of Tannenbaum at the Michael Reese Hospital in Chicago and
Baumann at the University of Wisconsin. Another decade of active research
followed. In this period, we learned how to design experimental diets and
interest was expressed in dietary constituents. By 1950, publications on
this type of research had dwindled and the field lay virtually dormant for
30 years. Since the early 1980's, research on this topic has blossomed and
we now know enough about physiology and molecular biology to prove the
mechanisms underlying the phenomenon. Energy flux, as in exercise, also
inhibits carcinogenesis. Energy restriction modulates oxidative DNA damage
and enhances DNA repair. It is now apparent that energy restriction affects
adrenal metabolism (as hypothesized by Boutwell in 1949), insulin
metabolism, and various aspects of gene expression. Understanding the basic
mechanisms should provide important insights into control of tumor
proliferation. Keywords: adrenalectomy; caloric
restriction; corticosterone; energy restriction; exercise; insulin;
oncogene expression
ARTICLES
Caloric restriction and experimental carcinogenesis
The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Fax: (215) 898 3868; E-mail: kritchevsky@wistar.upenn.edu
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