Toxicological Sciences, Vol 52, 35-40, Copyright © 1999 by Society of Toxicology
J Wanagat, D Allison and R Weindruch
Caloric restriction (CR) increases maximum life span in rodents while
attenuating the development of age-associated pathological and biological
changes. Although nearly all of the rodent studies have initiated CR early
in life (1-3 months of age), CR, when started at 12 months of age, also
extends maximum life span in mice. Two main questions face investigators of
CR. One concerns the mechanisms by which CR retards aging and diseases in
rodents. There is evidence that CR may act, at least in part, by reducing
oxidative stress. A CR-induced decrease in oxidative stress appears to be
most profound in post-mitotic tissues and may derive from lower
mitochondrial production of free radicals. The second issue is whether CR
will exert similar effects in primates. Studies on CR in rhesus monkeys
(maximum life span ∼40 years) support the notion of human
translatability. We describe the University of Wisconsin Study of rhesus
monkeys subjected to a 30% reduction of caloric intake starting at either
1989 or 1994 when they were ∼10 years old. The data from our study
and from other trials suggest that CR can be safely carried out in monkeys
and that certain physiological effects of CR that occur in rodents (e.g.,
decreased blood glucose and insulin levels, improved insulin sensitivity,
and lowering of body temperature) also occur in monkeys. Whether oxidative
stress in monkeys is reduced by CR will be known by the year 2000, while
effects on longevity and diseases should be clearly seen by, appropriately,
2020.Keywords: aging; caloric restriction; monkeys;
mitochondria.
ARTICLES
Caloric intake and aging: mechanisms in rodents and a study in nonhuman primates
Integrated M.D./Ph.D. Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Obesity Research Center, St Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10025, USA; Department of Medicine and Veterans Administration Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Corresponding author address: VA Hospital (GRECC 11G), 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Fax: (608) 262 7686; E-mail: rhweindr@facstaff.wisc.edu
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