Toxicological Sciences, Vol 52, 56-60, Copyright © 1999 by Society of Toxicology
B Hansen, N Bodkin and H Ortmeyer
Long term chronic calorie restriction (CR) of adult nonhuman primates
significantly reduces morbidity and increases median age of death. The
present review is focused upon an ongoing study of sustained adult-onset
calorie restriction, which has been underway for 15 years. Monkeys,
initially calorie restricted at about 10 years of age, are now
approximately 25 years old. The median life span of these restricted
monkeys is increasing, now exceeding that of <it>ad
libitum (AL)-fed monkeys. In our laboratory, maximum life span
for AL-fed monkeys appears to be about 40 years. Thus, whether CR can also
increase maximal life span, as it does in rodents, cannot be determined for
at least another 15 years. The earliest detectable positive benefit on
morbidity in these monkeys was previously reported as the prevention of
obesity. Current evidence, as reviewed here, suggests that much
obesity-associated morbidity is also mitigated by sustained calorie
restraint in nonhuman primates. Furthermore, probably because of the
prevention of obesity, diabetes has also been prevented. Recent findings
include the identification of extraordinary changes in the glycogen
synthesis pathway, and on the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase in
response to insulin. This calorie restriction-induced prevention of
morbidity does not require excessive leanness, but is clearly present when
body fat is within the normal range of 10 to 22%, and this is likely to be
true in humans as well.
ARTICLES
Calorie restriction in nonhuman primates: mechanisms of reduced morbidity and mortality
Obesity and Diabetes Research Center, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 10 South Pine Street #6-00, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Corresponding author; Fax: (703) 356 4143; E-mail: bchansen@aol.com
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