Toxicological Sciences 57, 326-337 (2000)
Copyright © 2000 by the Society of Toxicology
Systems Toxicology |
Metabonomics: Evaluation of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Pattern Recognition Technology for Rapid in Vivo Screening of Liver and Kidney Toxicants
* Departments of Worldwide Preclinical Safety and
Discovery Technologies, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research, Division of Warner Lambert Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of metabonomics technology for developing a rapid-throughput toxicity screen using 2 known hepatotoxicants: carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and 
-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) and 2 known nephrotoxicants: 2-bromoethylamine (BEA) and 4-aminophenol (PAP). In addition, the diuretic furosemide (FURO) was also studied. Single doses of CCl4 (0.1 and 0.5 ml/kg), ANIT (10 and 100 mg/kg), BEA (15 and 150 mg/kg), PAP (15 and 150 mg/kg) and FURO (1 and 5 mg) were administered as single IP or oral doses to groups of 4 male Wistar rats/dose. Twenty-four-h urine samples were collected pretest, daily through Day 4, and on Day 10 (high dose CCl4 and BEA only). Blood samples were taken on Days 1, 2, and 4 or 1, 4, and 10 for clinical chemistry assessment, and the appropriate target organ was examined microscopically. NMR spectra of urine were acquired and the data processed and subjected to principal component analyses (PCA). The results demonstrated that the metabonomic approach could readily distinguish the onset and reversal of toxicity with good agreement between clinical chemistry and PCA data. In at least 2 instances (ANIT and BEA), PCA analysis suggested effects at low doses, which were not as evident by clinical chemistry or microscopic analysis. Furosemide, which had no effect at the doses employed, did not produce any changes in PCA patterns. These data support the contention that the metabonomic approach represents a promising new technology for the development of a rapid throughput in vivo toxicity screen.
Key Words: NMR; metabonomics; pattern recognition; toxicity screening; carbon tetrachloride; -naphthylisothiocyanate; 2-bromoethylamine; 4-aminophenol; nephrotoxicity; hepatic toxicity.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  C. J. Clarke and J. N. Haselden Metabolic Profiling as a Tool for Understanding Mechanisms of Toxicity Toxicol Pathol, January 1, 2008; 36(1): 140 - 147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. G. E. J. Schoonen, C. P. A. M. Kloks, J.-P. H. T. M. Ploemen, G. J. Horbach, M. J. Smit, P. Zandberg, J.-R. Mellema, C. T.-v. Zuylen, A. C. Tas, J. H. J. van Nesselrooij, et al. Sensitivity of 1H NMR Analysis of Rat Urine in Relation to Toxicometabonomics. Part I: Dose-Dependent Toxic Effects of Bromobenzene and Paracetamol Toxicol. Sci., July 1, 2007; 98(1): 271 - 285. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. G. E. J. Schoonen, C. P. A. M. Kloks, J.-P. H. T. M. Ploemen, M. J. Smit, P. Zandberg, G. J. Horbach, J.-R. Mellema, C. Thijssen-vanZuylen, A. C. Tas, J. H. J. van Nesselrooij, et al. Uniform Procedure of 1H NMR Analysis of Rat Urine and Toxicometabonomics Part II: Comparison of NMR Profiles for Classification of Hepatotoxicity Toxicol. Sci., July 1, 2007; 98(1): 286 - 297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. C. Robosky, D. F. Wells, L. A. Egnash, M. L. Manning, M. D. Reily, and D. G. Robertson Metabonomic Identification of Two Distinct Phenotypes in Sprague-Dawley (Crl:CD(SD)) Rats Toxicol. Sci., September 1, 2005; 87(1): 277 - 284. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. G. Robertson Metabonomics in Toxicology: A Review Toxicol. Sci., June 1, 2005; 85(2): 809 - 822. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. D. Lehman-Mckeeman and B. D. Car Metabonomics: Application in Predictive and Mechanistic Toxicology Toxicol Pathol, February 1, 2004; 32(2_suppl): 94 - 95. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. T. MacGregor The Future of Regulatory Toxicology: Impact of the Biotechnology Revolution Toxicol. Sci., October 1, 2003; 75(2): 236 - 248. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. G. Renwick The Safety Testing of Amino Acids J. Nutr., June 1, 2003; 133(6): 2031S - 2033. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. S. Wishart, L. M.M. Querengesser, B. A. Lefebvre, N. A. Epstein, R. Greiner, and J. B. Newton Magnetic Resonance Diagnostics: A New Technology for High-Throughput Clinical Diagnostics Clin. Chem., October 1, 2001; 47(10): 1918 - 1921. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|