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© 1986 Oxford University Press

research-article

Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity of p-Nitroaniline and p-Nitrochlorobenzene in Rats1

RASHMI S. NAIR*, FREDERICK R. JOHANNSEN*, GEORGE J. LEVINSKAS* and JAMES B. TERRILL{dagger}

*Monsanto Company 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167 {dagger}Bio/Dynamics, Inc. East Millstone, New Jersey, 08873

Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity of p-Nitroaniline and p-Nitrochlorobenzene in Rats. NAIR, R. S., JOHANNSEN, F. R., LEVINSKAS, G. J., AND TERRILL, J. B. (1986). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 6,618–627. For evaluation of subchronic toxicity of the two single-ring nitroaromatics, p-nitroaniline (PNA) and p-nitrochlorobenzene (PNCB), groups of 10 male and 10 female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to an aerosol/vapor of PNA in isopropanol at target concentrations of 0, 10, 30, or 90 mg/m3 or to PNCB vaporized from a solution in ethylene glycol monoethyl ether at target concentrations of 0, 5, 15, or 45 mg/m3 for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Clinical signs of toxicity, body weights, results of ophthalmoscopic exam, hematology and clinical chernistiy tests, organ weights, gross and histopathological changes were recorded. Exposure to PNA or PNCB resulted in a dose-related increase in blood methemoglobin levels. Mean red blood cell counts, hematocrit, and hemoglobin were significantly decreased in mid and high level animals exposed to PNCB. Mean spleen weights (absolute and relative to body weight) were significantly increased at the high dose levels in the two studies. A slight increase in spleen weights was also observed at the low concentration level in the PNA study. Absolute and relative liver weights also were increased among animals exposed to 45 mg/m3 PNCB. Microscopic changes were observed mainly in the spleen and included an increase in intensity of extramedullary hematopoiesis and hemosiderosis with both compounds. Spleens of animals exposed to PNCB also exhibited congestion. Neither PNA nor PNCB exhibited significant toxicological effects other than those of met hemoglobinernia, anemia, and splenic changes classically associated with nitroaromatics at levels significantly above presently accepted occupational standard. Our data suggest that the current TLV for PNA which is 3 mg/m3 will provide adequate protection to the workers. OSHA's PEL of 1 mg/m3 for PNCB is to be preferred over the current TLV of 3 mg/3 to provide a comparable margin of safety.


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