Toxicological Sciences 68, 458-464 (2002)
Copyright © 2002 by the Society of Toxicology
NEUROTOXICOLOGY |
Perinatal Exposure to Aroclor 1254 Impairs Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs) in Rats
* Center for Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, 6431 Fannin, MSB 2.104, Houston, Texas 77030-1503;
Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; and
Neurotoxicology Division, MD-74B, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that are a potential health hazard to human and wildlife populations. Low-frequency auditory impairments have previously been documented in Aroclor 1254 (A 1254)-exposed rats, including elevated behavioral auditory thresholds and decreased amplitude and prolonged latency auditory evoked brain stem responses (ABRs). Furthermore, outer hair-cell loss on the basilar membrane of the cochlea has been documented, demonstrating that the cochlea is a target organ for PCB ototoxicity. The current experiment assessed the effects of A1254 on cochlear function by measuring distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). ABRs were measured to determine the effects of A1254 on the central nervous system auditory pathways. Pregnant Long-Evans rats received either 0 or 6 mg/kg A1254 (po) in corn oil from gestation day 6 to lactational day 21. The auditory function of male and female offspring was assessed at approximately 18 months of age. The rats were anesthetized and a probe-unit, consisting of 2 insert earphones and a microphone, was positioned in the ear canal. DPOAE amplitudes were reduced and thresholds increased in the A1254-exposed rats. The deficits were most pronounced at the lowest frequencies tested (2.1–3.2 kHz), but deficits were also observed at higher frequencies (3.7–8.6 kHz). Males and females were equally affected at the lower frequencies, but females were more impaired at the higher frequencies. In contrast, ABR latencies and amplitudes were not altered by A1254 exposure. These findings provide the first functional evidence supporting a cochlear site of damage in PCB-induced hearing loss.
Key Words: polychlorinated biphenyls; PCBs; Aroclor 1254; distortion product otoacoustic emissions; auditory evoked brainstem responses; Long-Evans rats.
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