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Toxicological Sciences 70, 140-149 (2002)
Copyright © 2002 by the Society of Toxicology

SAFETY EVALUATION

Investigations on Cell Proliferation and Enzyme Induction in Male Rat Kidney and Female Mouse Liver Caused by Tetrahydrofuran

A. O. Gamer, R. Jaeckh, E. Leibold, W. Kaufmann, C. Gembardt, R. Bahnemann and B. van Ravenzwaay1

BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Product Safety, Z 470D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany

To elucidate possible mechanism(s) of carcinogenic action of tetrahydrofuran (THF) that had been demonstrated in previous inhalation studies, groups of male F344 rats and female B6C3F1 mice were exposed to dynamic atmospheric concentrations of 0, 600, 1800, or 5400 mg/m3 for 6 h per day, either for 5 consecutive days or for a period of 4 weeks (5 days per week). The reversibility of treatment-related changes was investigated in rats and mice exposed for 5 days and sacrificed 21 days after the last exposure. Female B6C3F1 mice exposed to 5400 mg/m3 showed significantly increased cytochrome P450 content, increased ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase and pentoxyresorufin-O-depentylase activities, increased cell proliferation (5-bromo-2‘-deoxyuridine-method) and an increased mitotic index in liver zones 2 (midzonal region) and 3 (central vein region). The changes were found to be reversible after a 3-week treatment-free period (cell proliferation examined, only). Male F344 rats showed dose-related {alpha}2u-globulin ({alpha}2u) accumulation in the renal cortex after 5 or 20 exposures, and there were no signs of reversal after a 3-week treatment-free period. After 20 exposures at 5400 mg/m3, the {alpha}2u accumulation was found to be associated with increased cell proliferation in "hot spots" of the renal cortex and increased apoptosis. Increased cell proliferation was also detected after 20 exposures at 1800 mg/m3. There were no effects at 600 mg/m3. It is concluded that THF enhances tumor formation in male rat kidney and female mouse liver via induction of cell proliferation. These features present essential elements that should be taken into account for the carcinogenic risk assessment of THF.

Key Words: tetrahydrofuran; butylene oxide; rat; mouse; liver; kidney; {alpha}2u-globulin; tumor; cell proliferation; apoptosis.


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