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ToxSci Advance Access originally published online on June 23, 2005
Toxicological Sciences 2005 87(1):223-231; doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfi229
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org

Temporal Integration of Nasal Irritation from Ammonia at Threshold and Supra-threshold Levels

Paul M. Wise1, Thomas M. Canty and Charles J. Wysocki

Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104–3308

Received February 3, 2005; accepted June 9, 2005

Two experiments examined integration of perceived irritation over short-term (~100–4000 ms) delivery of ammonia into the nasal cavity of human subjects. Experiment 1 examined trade-offs between time and concentration at threshold level by means of nasal lateralization, a common measure of irritation threshold. Within experimental sessions, the duration of a fixed-concentration stimulus varied to determine the shortest, detectable pulse. Subjects could lateralize increasingly weaker concentrations with longer stimulus presentations. Experiment 2 examined an analogous trade-off for supra-threshold irritation. Subjects rated irritation from presentations of ammonia that varied both in concentration and in duration. Rated intensity for a given concentration increased with stimulus duration. Hence integration occurred at both threshold and supra-threshold levels. However, more than a twofold increase in duration was required to compensate for a twofold decrease in concentration to maintain threshold lateralization or a fixed level of perceived intensity. These results suggest that an imperfect mass-integrator model may be able to describe short-term integration of nasal irritation from ammonia at both the threshold and supra-threshold levels.


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