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ToxSci Advance Access originally published online on February 25, 2007
Toxicological Sciences 2007 97(1):111-119; doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfm031
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Correlates of Cytochrome P450 1A1 Expression in Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Integument Biopsies

Joanna Y. Wilson*,1, Randall Wells{dagger}, Alex Aguilar{ddagger}, Asuncion Borrell{ddagger}, Victoria Tornero{ddagger}, Peter Reijnders§, Michael Moore* and John J. Stegeman*

* Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543 {dagger} Chicago Zoological Society, c/o Center for Marine Mammal and Sea Turtle Research, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, Florida 34236 {ddagger} Department of Animal Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain § Alterra—Marine and Coastal Zone Research, 1790 AD Den Burg, The Netherlands

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed at Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1. Fax: (905) 522-6066. E-mail: joanna.wilson{at}mcmaster.ca.

Received December 14, 2006; accepted February 19, 2007


  Abstract

Integument biopsy is a nondestructive method for sampling free-ranging cetaceans, which allows for the determination of both contaminant concentrations and biomarker responses. Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) expression is induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and planar halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as the non-ortho and mono-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). CYP1A induction has been used extensively as a biomarker of exposure to such compounds in vertebrates. We measured PCB concentrations and CYP1A1 expression in integument biopsies from bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) resident in Sarasota Bay, FL. This population of dolphins has been the subject of long-term population and health assessment, affording the opportunity to evaluate the influence of age, sex, and reproductive status on CYP1A1 expression. CYP1A1 expression was seen in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle, and nerve cells in the dermis, similar to what has been observed in other cetacean species. Endothelial CYP1A1 expression varied along the length of the biopsy, which could be related to differences in the structure and functionality of the blubber in different parts of the integument. Neither age nor sex was related to CYP1A1 expression in these biopsies, and reproductive status did not relate to levels of CYP1A1 in females. Total PCB and toxic equivalent quotient concentrations in blubber were positively correlated with dermal endothelial CYP1A1 expression, although {Sigma}mono-ortho PCBs concentrations did not show this relationship. Contaminant concentrations appear to be stronger determinants of CYP1A1 expression in integument of these dolphins, than are age, sex, or reproductive status.

Key Words: cytochrome P450 1A1; CYP1A1; bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; biopsy; contaminants.


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