ToxSci Advance Access originally published online on March 3, 2007
Toxicological Sciences 2007 97(2):569-581; doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfm037
Gene Expression and Target Tissue Dose in the Rat Epidermis after Brief JP-8 and JP-8 Aromatic and Aliphatic Component Exposures
Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435
1 To whom correspondence should be addressed at Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435. Fax: (937) 775-7221. E-mail: james.mcdougal{at}wright.edu.
Received February 21, 2007; accepted February 22, 2007
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Abstract |
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Exposures of jet propulsion fuel 8 (JP-8) to human and laboratory animal skin have resulted in skin irritation. JP-8 is a mixture of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, which in some cases have also been shown to be irritating to the skin. In an attempt to determine if aromatic or aliphatic components could mimic the JP-8–induced gene expression response, we exposed rats to JP-8, undecane (UND), tetradecane (TET), trimethylbenzene (TMB), and dimethylnaphthalene (DMN) for 1 h and examined the epidermis to characterize the gene expression response. We also measured the concentrations of the JP-8 components in the epidermis with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry after 1-h exposures to JP-8 and pure components to determine if differences in potency could be identified. Changes in gene expression, compared to sham treatment, were studied with microarray techniques and analyzed for changes in gene ontology categories. UND and TMB exposures caused the greatest number of changes in transcript levels compared to DMN and TET. When only the specific functional and signaling pathways that were changed by JP-8 were considered, these pathways were nearly all activated by the components, but to different extents. After pure component exposures, the epidermal concentrations of the components showed no significant differences, although the differences in magnitude of either total or pathway-specific gene expression differed by a factor of 10-fold. We conclude that no single component that we studied mimicked the gene expression resulting from the JP-8 exposure but that UND had the most similar responses. These data suggest that there are differences in potency between the four components studied.
Key Words: gene expression; skin irritation; JP-8 jet fuel; epidermis; cutaneous exposure; rat; aromatic hydrocarbons; aliphatic hydrocarbons.