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ToxSci Advance Access originally published online on August 14, 2009
Toxicological Sciences 2009 112(2):276-296; doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfp188
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

State of Academic Knowledge on Toxicity and Biological Fate of Quantum Dots

Jennifer L. Pelley*, Abdallah S. Daar{dagger} and Marc A. Saner*,1

* Regulatory Governance Initiative, School of Public Policy and Administration, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6 Canada {dagger} McLaughlin-Rotman Centre for Global Health, Program on Ethics and Commercialization, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7 Canada

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed at Regulatory Governance Initiative, School of Public Policy and Administration, Carleton University, Room 2101 Dunton Tower, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6 Canada. Fax: (613) 520-2551. E-mail: marc_saner{at}carleton.ca.

Received May 7, 2009; accepted July 27, 2009


  Abstract

Quantum dots (QDs), an important class of emerging nanomaterial, are widely anticipated to find application in many consumer and clinical products in the near future. Premarket regulatory scrutiny is, thus, an issue gaining considerable attention. Previous review papers have focused primarily on the toxicity of QDs. From the point of view of product regulation, however, parameters that determine exposure (e.g., dosage, transformation, transportation, and persistence) are just as important as inherent toxicity. We have structured our review paper according to regulatory risk assessment practices, in order to improve the utility of existing knowledge in a regulatory context. Herein, we summarize the state of academic knowledge on QDs pertaining not only to toxicity, but also their physicochemical properties, and their biological and environmental fate. We conclude this review with recommendations on how to tailor future research efforts to address the specific needs of regulators.

Key Words: ecotoxicology; toxicology; environmental fate; regulatory policy; risk assessment; nanoparticles.


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