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Nonanimal Alternatives for Skin Sensitization: A Step Forward?
St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
1 For correspondence via E-mail: david.basketter@ukonline.co.uk.
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For both animal welfare reasons as well as to meet the demands of existing and impending legislation in Europe, there is an increasing emphasis on the replacement of animals in toxicology testing for end points such as skin sensitization (Basketter and Maxwell, 2007
). However, many of the end points (chronic toxicity, teratology) may prove intractable, so there is a heavy focus on end points such as irritation and sensitization. In this issue of Toxicological Sciences, there is a fascinating new paper by Natsch and Emter (2008) on how genes involved in the response to antioxidants are impacted by exposure to chemicals which are