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ToxSci Advance Access originally published online on August 18, 2008
Toxicological Sciences 2008 106(1):1-4; doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfn172
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Measuring Arsenic Exposure, Metabolism, and Biological Effects: The Role of Urine Proteomics

Ana Navas-Acien*,{dagger},1 and Eliseo Guallar{dagger},{ddagger},§

* Department of Environmental Health Sciences {dagger} Department of Epidemiology and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 {ddagger} Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 § Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid 28029, Spain

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed at the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Room W7033B, Baltimore, MD 21205. Fax: 410-955-1811. E-mail: anavas@jhsph.edu.

Received August 12, 2008; accepted August 13, 2008

Key Words: arsenic; biomarkers; defensins; proteomics; urine.

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.

Millions of people worldwide are exposed to inorganic arsenic mainly through drinking water contaminated from natural mineral deposits (Smedley and Kinniburgh, 2002Go). Humans metabolize inorganic arsenic (arsenate and arsenite) to methylated compounds (predominantly methylarsonate and dimethylarsinate) that are largely cleared through the urine together with unchanged inorganic arsenic (Aposhian and Aposhian, 2006Go). Exposure to inorganic arsenic is an established cause of cancers of the bladder, lung, and skin (International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2002Go), and increasing evidence indicates that inorganic arsenic may also cause cancers of the kidney, prostate and liver, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and developmental and reproductive effects (Benbrahim-Tallaa and Waalkes, 2008Go; National Research Council, 1999Go; Navas-Acien et al., 2005Go, 2006Go).

Because of widespread exposure and multiple health consequences, there is substantial interest in understanding the mechanisms involved in arsenic toxicity in human populations. Proposed mechanisms include upregulation of inflammatory . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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