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Toxicological Sciences 57, 4-5 (2000)
Copyright © 2000 by the Society of Toxicology

Profiles in Toxicology

The Distinction between Genotoxic and Epigenetic Carcinogens and Implication for Cancer Risk

John H. Weisburger*,1 and Gary M. Williams{dagger}

* American Health Foundation, Naylor Dana Institute, One Dana Road, Valhalla, New York 10595; and {dagger} New York Medical College, Environmental Pathology and Toxicology, Program on Medicine, Food, and Chemical Safety, Valhalla, New York 10595

Received September 3, 1999; accepted September 7, 1999

Much progress has been made in the understanding of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis in the last 50 years. Early studies identified macromolecular binding of carcinogens first to protein (Miller and Miller, 1953Go; Weisburger and Weisburger, 1958Go), then to RNA (Marroquin and Farber, 1965Go). Subsequently, methods to isolate DNA from cells became available, and Watson and Crick provided information about the molecular structure of DNA, which opened the possibility to examine the hypothesis that cancer stemmed from a somatic mutation. Szafarz and Weisburger (1969) and Matsushima and Weisburger (1969) carefully . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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