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ToxSci Advance Access originally published online on June 16, 2004
Toxicological Sciences 2004 81(1):1-2; doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfh196
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Toxicological Sciences vol. 81 no. 1 © Society of Toxicology 2004; all rights reserved.

TOXICOLOGICAL HIGHLIGHT

Cracking the Nut

Kim Boekelheide1

Received June 10, 2004; accepted June 10, 2004

The first 10% of the full text of this article appears below.

Phthalate esters impart flexibility to hard plastics, are used as inert ingredients in cosmetics and personal hygiene products, and are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. Finding the underlying molecular mechanism of phthalate-induced testicular injury has been a vision quest of male reproductive toxicologists for many decades. Since 1945, when Shaffer et al. (1945)Go first described "tubular atrophy and degeneration ... resembling senile changes" (p. 131) in the testis following exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, phthalates have become the most studied and most thoroughly characterized class of testicular toxicants. What is especially exciting about the phthalates for mechanistic toxicologists is the rapid onset of testis-specific abnormalities; "rapid" and "specific" should mean simple and straightforward, right? Wrong!

A number of mechanistic hypothesis . . . [Full Text of this Article]

1 For correspondence via fax: (401) 863-9008. E-mail: Kim_Boekelheide@brown.edu.


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