© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
TOXICOLOGICAL HIGHLIGHT |
The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor–Signaling Pathway and Tissue Remodeling: Insights from the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Model System
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
1 To whom correspondence should be addressed at Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, 76 Lipman Drive, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901. Fax: (732) 932-8965. E-mail: lawhite@aesop.rutgers.edu.
Received May 2, 2006; accepted May 5, 2006
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Wound healing and regeneration are complex processes involving cellular differentiation and migration, cell-cell interactions, and coordinated matrix remodeling. Although most animals have the ability to repair an epidermal lesion, complete appendage regeneration is limited to teleost fish and several aquatic amphibians. Limb regeneration in adult mammals is only found in rare cases, such as deer antlers and rabbit ear cartilage (Goss, 1991
). Epimorphic regeneration, the process that results in the functional reconstruction of the lost appendage, requires not only the regulation of cell proliferation and migration but also the recapitulation of the limb pattern. This process begins with the formation of a blastema, a mass of heterogeneous mesenchymal-like cells, between the appendage stump and the wounded epidermis (reviewed in Akimenko et al., 2003). Formation of the blastema is necessary for the regenerative process; however, the molecular mechanisms mediating blastema generation are still unclear. Recent data indicate that
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