© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Toxicoproteomics—The Next Step in the Evolution of Environmental Biomarkers?
Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, 1007 Agricultural and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
1 For correspondence via fax: (541) 737-7966. E-mail: benninga@science.oregonstate.edu.
Received November 1, 2006; accepted November 2, 2006
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The scientific community has become increasingly concerned about the potential adverse health effects to humans and wildlife resulting from environmental exposure to persistent industrial, pharmaceutical, and natural chemicals with estrogenic, androgenic, or thyroid-disrupting properties (Colborn et al., 1993
; Waring and Harris, 2005). To assess exposure to these endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), researchers have employed a variety of molecular biomarkers. A high-quality biomarker of a specific chemical class or specific mechanism of action should have the following attributes: (1) the biomarker should be inducible or repressible, (2) the measured response should be specific to chemicals within that class, (3) the response should have sufficient sensitivity for routine detection, (4) the biomarker should be highly accurate and reproducible among experiments within a laboratory and among different laboratories and animal models, and (5) the biomarker should be quantifiable so that degree of risk can be estimated. One of the most utilized
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