© 1992 Oxford University Press
research-article |
Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide in Rats
Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, Nalional Institute for Ocaipational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control Cincinnati, Ohio *Intox Laboratories, Inc. Redfield, Arkansas
Received August 9, 1991; accepted January 7, 1992
N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (mDET, DEET) is widely used as a topical insect repellent. It is the active ingredient in many consumer formulations, which usually contain 10–25% mDET in an alcohol base. More concentrated consumer products are also available, including some that are pure technical grade mDET. Persons living or employed in mosquito-infested areas may have very high seasonal exposures to mDET. Because contradictory reports had been published on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of mDET, a series of studies was conducted in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. All treatments were administered by daily subcutaneous injections of undiluted mDET. A dose finding study was done using 12 time-mated females per group treated on Gestational Days (GD) 6–15 with 0.50, 0.62, 0.78, 0.92, or 1.2 ml mDET /kg/day. No females survived 10 days of mDET dosing with 1.2 ml/kg/day. Deaths occurred in all other groups except the low dose (0.50 ml/kg/ day). Pregnant females treated on GD 6–15 with 0 or 0.30 ml/ kg/day were used for the teratology study. Half of each group was euthanized on GD 20: the second half was singly housed in nesting boxes and allowed to deliver litters. Live pups were counted and weighed soon after birth on Postnatal Day (PD) 0 and again on PD 3, 9, and 14. Proven fertile males were treated 5 days/week for 9 weeks with 0, 0.30, 0.73, 1.15, or 1.80 ml mDET /kg/day for a male dose-finding study. Each group consisted of 20 males. No males survived the 1.80 ml/kg/day. Deaths occurred in all remaining dose groups except the 0.30 ml/kg/ day and control group. Immediately following the final treatment of the male dose study, 11 males were randomly selected from the 0.30 and 0.73 ml/kg/day groups. They were cohabited for 7 days with 4 females per male during post-treatment Weeks 1 and 2. Half of the females were euthanized 12–14 days after the last day of cohabitation for a dominant lethal study; the remaining females were singly housed in nesting boxes and allowed to deliver litters. Live pups were counted and weighed on PD 0 and 3. There was no evidence of reproductive or developmental toxicity in any of these assays, but there were signs of neuro-toxicity in treated adult male and female rats, which may relate to reports of neurotoxicity in humans heavily exposed to mDET -containing insect repellents, o 1992 society of Toxicology.