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© 1982 Oxford University Press

research-article

Use of Hexyl Isocyanate Antigen to Detect Antibodies to Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI) in Sensitized Guinea Pigs and in a Sensitized Worker

MERYL H. KAROL and BETH ANN HAUTH

Department of Industrial Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (412) 624–2736

Use of Hexyl Isocyanate Antigen to Detect Antibodies to Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI) in Sensitized Guinea Pigs and in a Sensitized Worker. Karol, M.H. and Hauth, B.A. (1982). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 2:108-113. Hypersensitivity to hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) has been reported following occupational exposure. Diagnosis of sensitivity is usually made from clinical evaluation of symptomatology. An in vitro serologic assay for HDI sensitivity was developed by immunizing guinea pigs with HDI and with hexyl isocyanate (HMI). Animals injected intra-dermally with HMI produced hapten-specific antibodies whereas guinea pigs injected with HDI produced antibodies specific for larger determinants which included the HDI hapten. The larger determinants were assumed to be composed of portions of "self" molecules which reacted in vivo with HDI. Serum albumin appeared to be one such molecule. No cross reactions were noted between antibodies to HDI and another widely used industrial isocyanate, toluene diisocyanate (TDI). Antigens effective in detecting antibodies to HDI or HMI were tested for ability to detect reaginic antibodies in a worker with clinical "HDI" asthma. Using a radioimmunoassay (RAST), antibodies reacted with conjugates containing either HDI or HMI as haptens. In addition, the prevalence of HDI polyisocyanates (Desmodur N) in spray paints prompted its use as a hapten. Antibodies reacted with Desmodur N antigen conjugates in RAST. RAST inhibition further indicated that Desmodur N antigen reacted more readily with the patient's antibodies than did HDI or HMI antigens. These results suggest that the patient may have been exposed to HDI polyisocyanates in spray paint application. Use of Rast inhibition for diagnosis of sensitivity may indicate the precise sensitizing agent within a mixture.


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