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© 1995 Oxford University Press

review-article

Assessment of Cutaneous and Ocular Irritancy: A Decade of Research on Alternatives to Animal Experimentation

THOMAS HERZINGER*, HANS CHRISTIAN KORTING* and HOWARD I. MAIBACH{dagger}

*Dermatologische Klinik und Poliklinik der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Germany {dagger}Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, California 94143

Received December 16, 1993; accepted June 28, 1994

Over the past decade increasing societal and scientific pressure has promoted the development of alternatives to local tolerance testing in laboratory animals. The use of isolated organs, fertilized hen's eggs, and cell culture systems has been proposed as well as the study of a toxicant's biochemical effects and structure-activity relationships. This paper critically reviews the current status of these approaches and discusses the preliminaries for the establishment of alternative methods in the process of Safety assessment.


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