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© 1998 Oxford University Press
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Acute Intoxication with Trichloroethene: Clinical Symptoms, Toxicokinetics, Metabolism, and Development of Biochemical Parameters for Renal Damage
*Department of Work Physiology, University of Dortmund, Ardeystraße 67 D-44139 Dortmund, Federal Republic of Germany
Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacherstraße 9 D-97078 Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany
Received May 27, 1997; accepted October 27, 1997
The present study reports on a 17-year-old male who ingested approximately 70 ml trichloroethene (TRI) in a suicide attempt. The patient developed fever, tremor, general motor restlessness, and sinus tachycardia and lost consciousness 5 h after poisoning. After 5 days of intubation under narcosis with forced hyperventilation and diuresis he regained consciousness. During this period blood and urine were collected and TRI and its metabolites were quantified. The highest concentration of TRI in blood was detected 13 h after ingestion. Trichloroethanol and trichloroacetic acid, metabolites of the cytochrome P450-mediated pathway, and N-acetyi-S-{l,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine and N-acetyl-S-(2,2-dichloro-vinyl)-L-cysteine from the glutathione-dependent pathway of TRI were quantified in urine samples. Besides these known metabolites in humans, chloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid were identified for the first time in urine of a human exposed to TRI. Although the patient exhibited normal levels of glucose and total protein in urine, excretion of 
1- and ß2-microglobulin as well as ß-NAG was significantly increased. In addition to these typical markers of selective tubule damage, analysis of the urinary protein pattern by SDS-PAGE revealed increased excretion of several low-molecular-mass proteins between 10,000 and 50,000 Da, clearly indicating tubular damage. Based on the elucidated glutathione-dependent mechanism for the nephrotoxicity of TRI, activation of the formed S-conjugates by ß-lyases to reactive intermediates may account for the observed renal effects after a single, high dose of TRI.
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