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Toxicological Sciences 53, 2-4 (2000)
Copyright © 2000 by the Society of Toxicology
Profiles in Toxicology |
Paracelsus: Herald of Modern Toxicology
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia, PO Box 980613, Richmond, Virginia 23298–0613
Received August 3, 1999; accepted August 30, 1999
"No one who can stand alone by himself should be the servant of another."
Paracelsus, Philippus Theophrastus Aureolus Bombastus von Hohenheim, the "father of chemistry and the reformer of materia medica," the "Luther of Medicine," the "godfather of modern chemotherapy," the founder of medicinal chemistry, the founder of modern toxicology, a contemporary of Leonardo da Vinci, Martin Luther, and Nicholas Copernicus, was born near or in the village of Einsiedeln near Zurich, Switzerland, on 10 or 14 November 1493. His father, Wilhelm Bombast von Hohenheim, "was the impoverished scion of a noble family of Suabia." He was a physician and an alchemist who "had married a Swiss girl and practised medicine on the pilgrims' road that leads to the Benedictine Abbey of Einsiedeln." In 1502, following the death of his mother, the family moved to the mining town of Villach in Carinthia in southern Austria, where the father became the
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