Toxicological Sciences 55, 247-255 (2000)
Copyright © 2000 by the Society of Toxicology
Assessment of Skin Absorption and Penetration of JP-8 Jet Fuel and Its Components
* Geo-Centers, Inc., 2856 G Street (AFRL/HEST), Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433–7400;
Mantech, P.O. Box 31009, Dayton, Ohio 45437-0009; and
Operational Toxicology Branch, Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/HEST), 2856 G Street, Building 79, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433–7400.
Dermal penetration and absorption of jet fuels in general, and JP-8 in particular, is not well understood, even though government and industry, worldwide, use over 4.5 billion gallons of JP-8 per year. Exposures to JP-8 can occur from vapor, liquid, or aerosol. Inhalation and dermal exposure are the most prevalent routes. JP-8 may cause irritation during repeated or prolonged exposures, but it is unknown whether systemic toxicity can occur from dermal penetration of fuels. The purpose of this investigation was to measure the penetration and absorption of JP-8 and its major constituents with rat skin, so that the potential for effects with human exposures can be assessed. We used static diffusion cells to measure both the flux of JP-8 and components across the skin and the kinetics of absorption into the skin. Total flux of the hydrocarbon components was 20.3 micrograms/cm2/h. Thirteen individual components of JP-8 penetrated into the receptor solution. The fluxes ranged from a high of 51.5 micrograms/cm2/h (an additive, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether) to a low of 0.334 micrograms/cm2/h (tridecane). Aromatic components penetrated most rapidly. Six components (all aliphatic) were identified in the skin. Concentrations absorbed into the skin at 3.5 h ranged from 0.055 micrograms per gram skin (tetradecane) to 0.266 micrograms per gram skin (undecane). These results suggest: (1) that JP-8 penetration will not cause systemic toxicity because of low fluxes of all the components; and (2) the absorption of aliphatic components into the skin may be a cause of skin irritation.
Key Words: jet fuel; JP-8; mixture; nonane; decane; undecane; dodecane; tridecane; tetradecane; pentadecane; naphthalene; methyl naphthalene; dimethyl naphthalene; methyl benzene (toluene); dimethyl benzene (xylene); trimethyl benzene; ethyl benzene; diethylene glycol monomethyl ether; dermal absorption; skin penetration; Fischer 344 rat; dermatomed skin; static diffusion cell; flux; permeability coefficient; skin concentration.
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