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© 1986 Oxford University Press

research-article

Effect of Cyanogenic Glycosides and Protein Content in Cassava Diets on Hamster Prenatal Development1

ROBERT A. FRAKES*,2, RAGHUBIR P. SHARMA*, CALVIN C. WILLHITE{dagger},3 and GUILLERMO GOMEZ{ddagger}

*Toxicology Program UMC 56, Utah Slate University, Logan, Utah 84322 {dagger}Toxicology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture 800 Buchanan Street, Berkeley, Calif 94710 {ddagger}Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigaciony Ensenanza Turrialba, Costa Rica

Effect of Cyanogenic Glycosides and Protein Content in Cassava Diets on Hamster Prenatal Development. FRAKES, R. A., SHARMA, R. P., WILLHITE, C. C, AND GOMEZ, G. (1986). Fun-dam. Appl. Toxicol. 7, 191–198. Cassava is a staple food for 450-500 million people in 26 tropical countries. Groups of pregnant hamsters were fed diets consisting of cassava meal:laboratory chow (80:20) during Days 3–14 of gestation. One low cyanide (sweet) cassava meal and one high cyanide (bitter) cassava meal were studied. One additional group was fed a diet which resembled cassava in nutritional value, but which lacked the cyanogenic glycosides. Thiocyanate concentrations increased significantly in the urine and blood of dams fed cassava diets. Increased tissue thiocyanate concentrations were observed in fetuses recovered from cassava-fed dams. Cassava-fed dams gained significantly less weight than did control animals and their offspring showed evidence of fetotoxicity. Reduced fetal body weight and reduced ossification of sacrocaudal vertebrae, metatarsals, and sternebrae were associated with cassava diets. High cyanide cassava diets were also associated with a significant increase in the numbers of runts compared to litters from dams fed either low protein or laboratory stock diets.


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