ToxSci Advance Access originally published online on March 7, 2003
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Toxicological Sciences 72, 193-200 (2003)
Copyright © 2003 by the Society of Toxicology
BIOTRANSFORMATION AND TOXICOKINETICS |
In Vitro Rat Hepatic and Intestinal Metabolism of the Organophosphate Pesticides Chlorpyrifos and Diazinon
Battelle, Pacific Northwest Division, Chemical Dosimetry, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) and diazinon (DZN) are thionophosphorus organophosphate (OP) insecticides; their toxicity is mediated through CYP metabolism to CPF-oxon and DZN-oxon, respectively. Conversely, CYPs also detoxify these OPs to trichloropyridinol (TCP) and 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine (IMHP), respectively. In addition, A-esterase (PON1) metabolism of CPF- and DZN-oxon also forms TCP and IMHP. This study evaluated the role intestinal and hepatic metabolism may play in both the activation and detoxification of CPF and DZN in Sprague-Dawley rats. Similar CYP- and PON1-mediated metabolic profiles were demonstrated in microsomes from liver or isolated intestinal enterocytes. The metabolic efficiency was estimated by calculating the psuedo-1st order rate constant from the metabolic constants by dividing Vmax/Km. In enterocyte microsomes, the CYP metabolic efficiency for metabolism to the oxon metabolites was 
28-fold greater for CPF than DZN. Compared on a per nmol P450 basis, the Vmax for CPF in enterocytes was 2–3 times higher than in liver microsomes for the production of CPF-oxon and TCP. The Michaelis-Menten rate constant (Km) for the metabolism of CPF to CPF-oxon was comparable in liver and enterocyte microsomes; however, the enterocyte Km for TCP production was higher (indicating a lower affinity). The smaller volume of intestine, lower amount of CYP, and higher Km for TCP in the enterocyte microsomes, resulted in a lower catalytic efficiency (2 and 62 times) than in liver for oxon and TCP. PON1-mediated metabolism of CPF- and DZN-oxon was also demonstrated in liver and enterocyte microsomes. Although PON1 affinity for the substrates was comparable in hepatic and enterocytic microsomes, the Vmax were 48- to 275-fold higher, in the liver. These results suggest that intestinal metabolism may impact the metabolism of CPF and DZN, especially following low-dose oral exposures.
Key Words: chlorpyrifos; diazinon; organophosphate insecticides; metabolism; liver; intestine.
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