ToxSci Advance Access originally published online on May 24, 2004
Toxicological Sciences 2004 81(1):90-102; doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfh176
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Toxicological Sciences vol. 81 no. 1 © Society of Toxicology 2004; all rights reserved.
Effects of Natural and Synthetic Estrogens and Various Environmental Contaminants on Vitellogenesis in Fish Primary Hepatocytes: Comparison of Bream (Abramis brama) and Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
* Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80176, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands, and Institute for Coastal and Marine Management (RIKZ), P.O. Box 20907, 2500 EX The Hague, The Netherlands
Received March 20, 2004; accepted May 12, 2004
Interaction of environmental estrogens with the estrogen receptor (ER) has been shown in various fish species. Our objective was to compare the sensitivity of bream (Abramis brama) to (xeno-)estrogens with that of the carp (Cyprinus carpio), by measuring the effects of 17ß-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), ethynylestradiol (EE2), bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), methoxychlor (MXCL), and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB126, PCB118), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-dioxin (TCDD), and 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PCDF) on vitellogenesis in primary hepatocytes. Comparing the EC50 values in bream hepatocytes: EE2 (0.1–0.2 µM) < E1 (0.6–0.2 µM) < E2 (1.9 µM) with those of carp hepatocytes EE2 (0.03–0.06 µM) < E2 (0.3 µM) 
E1 (0.2–0.3 µM) we found differences in sensitivity and ranking of the estrogenic potency of E2 and E1, indicating interspecies differences. Exposure to BPA, NP, MXCL, and HAHs did not or only weakly induce vitellogenesis. Bream hepatocytes coexposed to E2 and TCDD, PCB126 or PCDF showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of E2-induced vitellogenesis. IC50 (concentration of a compound that elicits 50% inhibition of E2-induced vitellogenesis) values determined in bream were: TCDD (0.02–0.09 nM) < PCB126 (0.35–0.1 nM) < PCDF (2.0–0.1) and in carp were: TCDD (0.01 nM) < PCB126 (0.4 nM). PCB118 showed no (anti-)estrogenic response. IC50 values and benchmark-concentration for TCDD and PCB126 in bream and carp hepatocytes were in the same range, indicating similar sensitivity to these compounds. Due to their anti-estrogenic capacity with benchmark-concentrations in the pM range TCDD, PCDF, and PCB126 may form a potential hazard for the reproductive success of fish species by inhibition of vitellogenesis.
Key Words: bream; carp; hepatocytes; vitellogenin; (anti-)estrogenicity; dioxins.
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