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ToxSci Advance Access originally published online on December 1, 2005
Toxicological Sciences 2006 91(1):104-112; doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfj053
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

HIGHLIGHTED ARTICLE

Plasma Metallothionein Antibody and Cadmium-Induced Renal Dysfunction in an Occupational Population in China

Liang Chen*, Taiyi Jin*,{dagger},1, Bo Huang*, Xiuli Chang*, Lijian Lei*, Gunnar F. Nordberg{dagger} and Monica Nordberg{ddagger}

* Department of Occupational Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; {dagger} Environmental Medicine; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden; and {ddagger} Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden

Received October 13, 2005; accepted November 15, 2005

It has been reported that anti-metallothionein (a metallothionein antibody) is present in the circulation of healthy subjects and in patients suffering from atopic dermatitis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether cadmium-induced renal dysfunction is related to the presence of the plasma metallothionein antibody (MT-Ab) in workers exposed to cadmium (Cd) occupationally. Plasma metallothionein antibody was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques, and both exposure assessment and risk assessment were conducted in cadmium-exposed workers in China. We demonstrate that there is a significantly increased prevalence of renal dysfunction with respect to the level of urinary cadmium in a dose-dependant manner. We found no significant correlations between the levels of MT-Ab and the external or internal exposure doses of cadmium (p > 0.05), but the levels of MT-Ab did correlate positively with two biomarkers of renal dysfunction—urinary ß2-microglobulin (UB2M; r = 0.218, p < 0.05) and N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosaminidase (UNAG; r = 0.302, p < 0.001)—in the cadmium-exposed workers. Workers who have high levels of MT-Ab display cadmium-induced tubular nephrotoxicity more frequently than those possessing low levels of MT-Ab; odds ratio (OR) 4.2; 95% confidence intervals 1.2–14.5 (p < 0.05). This study suggests that subjects that have higher MT-Ab levels more readily develop cadmium-induced renal dysfunction. Thus, the levels of plasma MT-Ab can be used as a biomarker of susceptibility to renal dysfunction in occupational cadmium exposure.

Key Words: cadmium; metallothionein; renal dysfunction; autoantibody; susceptibility.


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