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ToxSci Advance Access published online on April 15, 2003
Toxicological Sciences, doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfg055
Toxicological Sciences © Society of Toxicology 2003; all rights reserved
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Received October 16, 2002; accepted January 31, 2003
© 2003 Society of Toxicology

Forum

Workshop Overview Approaches to the Assessment of the Allergenic Potential of Food from Genetically Modified Crops

Gregory S. Ladics 1*, Michael P. Holsapple 2, James D. Astwood 3, Ian Kimber 4, Leon M.J. Knippels 5, Ricki M. Helm 6, Wumin Dong 7

1 The DuPont Co., Haskell Laboratory, Newark, DE
2 ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC
3 Monsanto Co., Product Safety Center, St. Louis, MO
4 Syngenta Central Toxicology Laboratory, Cheshire, United Kingdom
5 TNO Nutrition and Food Research, Zeist, Netherlands
6 University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, AR
7 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: gregory.s.ladics{at}usa.dupont.com.


  Abstract

There is a need to assess the safety of foods deriving from genetically modified (GM) crops, including the allergenic potential of novel gene products. Presently, there is no single in vitro or in vivo model that has been validated for the identification or characterization of potential food allergens. In stead, the evaluation focuses on risk factors such as source of the gene (i.e. allergenic vs. non-allergenic sources), physicochemcial and genetic comparisons to known allergens, and exposure assessments. The purpose of this workshop was to gather together researchers working on various strategies for assessing protein allergenicity and 1) to describe the current state of knowledge and progress that has been made in the development and evaluation of appropriate testing strategies and 2) to identify critical issues that must now be addressed. This overview begins with a consideration of the current issues involved in assessing the allergenicity of GM foods. The second section presents information on in vitro models of digestibility, bioinformatics, and risk assessment in the context of clinical prevention and management of food allergy. Data on rodent models are presented in the next two sections. Finally, non-rodent models for assessing protein allergenicity are discussed. Collectively, these studies indicate that significant progress has been made in developing testing strategies. However, further efforts are needed to evaluate and validate the sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of many of these assays for determining the allergenicity potential of GM foods.


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