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ToxSci Advance Access published online on September 26, 2003
Toxicological Sciences, doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfg236
Toxicological Sciences © Society of Toxicology 2003; all rights reserved
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Received July 24, 2003; accepted September 1, 2003
© 2003 Society of Toxicology

Environmental Toxicology

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers as Ah Receptor Agonists and Antagonists

Guosheng Chen 1 and Nigel J. Bunce 1*

1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: bunce{at}chembio.uoguelph.ca.


  Abstract

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been identified in every compartment of the environment and biota due to their widespread use as flame retardants. There is debate over their potential to threaten environmental and human health due to insufficient toxicological information. The weak to moderate binding affinity of PBDE congeners to the Ah receptor and the weak induction of EROD (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase) activity suggest the possibility of dioxin-like behaviour. In this paper, we have investigated whether PBDE congeners act as Ah receptor agonists or antagonists at sequential stages of the AhR signal transduction pathway leading to CYP1A1. PBDE congeners 77, 119, and 126 were moderately active towards DRE (dioxin response element) binding, and induced responses of both CYP1A1 mRNA and CYP1A1 protein equivalent to the maximal response of TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) in primary Sprague-Dawley rat hepatocytes, although at concentrations 3-5 orders of magnitude greater than TCDD. These congeners showed additive behavior towards DRE binding with 10-9 M TCDD, whereas most other PBDE congeners antagonized the action of TCDD. PBDEs 100, 153, and 183 were very weak activators of DRE binding; other congeners and the commercial "penta", "octa" and "deca" bromodiphenyl ether mixtures were inactive. The environmentally prominent congeners 47 and 99 were inactive at all stages of signal transduction, and the "penta" mixture had negligible ability to induce EROD activity. We suggest that current concentrations of PBDEs in biota contribute negligibly to dioxin-like toxicity compared with other environmental contaminants such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls.

Key Words: polybrominated diphenyl ethers, Ah receptor agonist and antagonist, dioxin-like activity, cytochrome P4501A1 .


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