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ToxSci Advance Access published online on December 2, 2003
Toxicological Sciences, doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfh027
Toxicological Sciences © Society of Toxicology 2003; all rights reserved
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Received July 31, 2003; accepted October 14, 2003
© 2003 Society of Toxicology

Neurotoxicology

Structure-Activity and Interaction Effects of 14 Different Pyrethroids on Voltage-Gated Chloride Ion Channels

Steven A. Burr 1* and David E. Ray 1

1 MRC Applied Neuroscience Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: steven.burr{at}nottingham.ac.uk.


  Abstract

We have proposed that since the type II pyrethroids deltamethrin and cypermethrin, but not the type I pyrethroid cismethrin act on chloride channels, this could contribute to the bimodal nature of pyrethroid poisoning syndromes. We now examine a wider range of pyrethroid structures on the activity of these calcium-independent voltage-gated maxi-chloride channels. Excised inside-out membrane patches from differentiated mouse neuroblastoma cells were used, and mean channel open probabilities calculated. For single dosing at 10 µM, bioallethrin, {beta}-cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin and fenpropathrin were all found to significantly decrease open channel probability (p<0.05). Bifenthrin, bioresmethrin, cispermethrin, cisresmethrin, cyfluthrin isomers 2 and 4, {lambda}-cyhalothrin, esfenvalerate and tefluthrin, did not significantly alter open channel probability (p>0.05). Since the type II pyrethroids, esfenvalerate and {lambda}-cyhalothrin were ineffective, we must conclude that actions at the chloride ion channel target cannot in themselves account for the differences between the two types of poisoning syndrome. Sequential dosing with type II pyrethroids caused no further chloride ion channel closure. The type I pyrethroid cisresmethrin did however prevent a subsequent effect by the mixed type pyrethroid fenpropathrin. In contrast, the type I pyrethroid cispermethrin did not prevent a subsequent effect due to the type II pyrethroid deltamethrin. The difference in effect may be the result of differences in potency, as deltamethrin had a greater effect than fenpropathrin. It therefore appears clear that in some combinations the type I and type II pyrethroids can compete and may bind to the same chloride channel target site.

Key Words: Pyrethroid, Chloride Ion Channel, Patch Clamp, Neuroblastoma .


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