ToxSci Advance Access published online on March 10, 2004
Toxicological Sciences, doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfh100
Toxicological Sciences © Society of Toxicology 2004; all rights reserved
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1 Pfizer Inc., Pfizer Global Research and Development, St. Louis, Missouri 63167
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: julio.c.davila{at}pfizer.com.
In recent years stem cells are subject of increasing scientific interest because of their potential utility in numerous biomedical applications. Stem cell technology provides unprecedented opportunities not only for investigating new ways to prevent and treat a vast arrays of diseases but also for changing the way we identify new molecular targets, discover and develop new drugs, as well as test them for safety. Because stem cells are a self-renewing population of cells, they can be continuously cultured in an undifferentiated state and give rise to more specialized cells of the human body, such as heart, liver, bone marrow, blood vessels, pancreatic islets and nerve cells. Therefore, stem cells offer an important new tool to develop unique in vitro model systems for testing drugs and chemicals and potentially predict or anticipate toxicity in humans. The following review provides an overview on the evolving concept of applying stem cell technology to biomedical research and also describes potential applications of stem cells in the area of toxicology. Emphasis has been placed in the use of 1) bone marrow-derived adult stem cells as an alternative source of critical cells required to perform needed safety evaluation in human cells, 2) hepatocyte-like cells from human placenta for drug metabolism and toxicity studies 4) embryonic stem cells for target validation and in vitro toxicology and 5) adult stem cells to screen genotoxic/epigenetic toxins and toxicants and their potential to help develop a biological-based risk assessment of toxic chemical exposure to human beings.
© 2004 Toxicological Sciences © Society of Toxicology 2004; all rights reserved.
Original Articles
Use and Application of Stem Cells in Toxicology
2 Pfizer Inc., Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
3 University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pathology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
4 Michigan State University, Department of Pediatric Human Development, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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