ToxSci Advance Access published online on April 14, 2004
Toxicological Sciences, doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfh146
Toxicological Sciences © Society of Toxicology 2004; all rights reserved
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1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824 USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rothr{at}msu.edu.
Studies in rats have demonstrated that modest underlying inflammation can precipitate idiosyncrasy-like liver injury from the histamine 2-receptor antagonist ranitidine (RAN). Coadministration to rats of nonhepatotoxic doses of RAN and the inflammagen, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), results in hepatocellular injury. We tested the hypothesis that hepatic gene expression changes could distinguish Vehicle-, LPS-, RAN- and LPS/RAN-treated rats before the onset of significant liver injury in LPS/RAN-treated rats (i.e., 3 h post-treatment). Rats were treated with LPS (44 x 106 EU/kg, iv) or its vehicle, then two hours later with RAN (30 mg/kg, iv) or its vehicle. They were killed 3 h after RAN treatment, and liver samples were taken for evaluation of liver injury and RNA isolation. Hepatic parenchymal cell injury, as estimated by increases in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, was not significant at this time. Hierarchical clustering of gene expression data from Affymetrix U34A rat genome arrays grouped animals according to treatment. Relative to treatment with vehicle alone, treatment with RAN and/or LPS altered hepatic expression of numerous genes, including ones encoding for products involved in inflammation, hypoxia, and cell death. Some of them were enhanced synergistically by LPS/RAN cotreatment. Real-time PCR confirmed robust changes in expression of B-cell translocation gene 2, early growth response-1, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in cotreated rats. The increase in PAI-1 mRNA was reflected in an increase in serum PAI-1 protein concentration in LPS/RAN-treated rats. Consistent with the antifibrinolytic activity of PAI-1, significant fibrin deposition occurred only in livers of LPS/RAN-treated rats. The results suggest the possibility that expression of PAI-1 promotes fibrin deposition in liver sinusoids of LPS/RAN-treated rats and are consistent with the development of local ischemia and consequent tissue hypoxia.
© 2004 Toxicological Sciences © Society of Toxicology 2004; all rights reserved.
Systems Evaluation
Gene Expression Analysis Points to Hemostasis in Livers of Rats Cotreated with Lipopolysaccharide and Ranitidine
2 Investigative Toxicology, Pharmacia Corporation, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824 USA
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