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ToxSci Advance Access published online on May 24, 2004
Toxicological Sciences, doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfh176
Toxicological Sciences © Society of Toxicology 2004; all rights reserved
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Received March 20, 2004
Accepted May 12, 2004

Environmental Toxicology

Effects of Natural and Synthetic Estrogens and Various Environmental Contaminants on Vitellogenesis in Fish Primary Hepatocytes: Comparison of Bream (Abramis brama) and Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

T. Rouhani Rankouhi 1*, J. T. Sanderson 1, I. van Holsteijn 1, C. van Leeuwen 1, A. D. Vethaak 2, M. van den Berg 1

1 Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80176, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
2 Institute for Coastal and Marine Management (RIKZ), P.O. Box 20907, 2500 EX The Hague, The Netherlands.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: T.Rouhani{at}iras.uu.nl.


  Abstract

Interaction of environmental estrogens with the estrogen receptor (ER) has been shown in various fish species. Our objective was to compare the sensitivity of bream (Abramis brama) to (xeno-)estrogens with that of the carp (Cyprinus carpio), by measuring the effects of 17{beta}-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), ethynylestradiol (EE2), bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), methoxychlor (MXCL) and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB126, PCB118), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-dioxin (TCDD) and 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PCDF) on vitellogenesis in primary hepatocytes. Comparing the EC50 values in bream hepatocytes: EE2 (0.1-0.2 µM) < E1 (0.6-0.2 µM) < E2 (1.9 µM) with those of carp hepatocytes EE2 (0.03-0.06 µM) < E2 (0.3 µM) {approx} E1 (0.2-0.3 µM) we found differences in sensitivity and ranking of the estrogenic potency of E2 and E1, indicating inter-species differences. Exposure to BPA, NP, MXCL and HAHs did not or only weakly induce vitellogenesis. Bream hepatocytes co-exposed to E2 and TCDD, PCB126 or PCDF showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of E2-induced vitellogenesis. IC50 values determined in bream were: TCDD (0.02-0.09 nM) < PCB126 (0.35-0.1 nM) < PCDF (2.0-0.1) and in carp were: TCDD (0.01 nM) < PCB126 (0.4 nM). PCB118 showed no (anti-)estrogenic response. IC50 values and benchmark-concentration for TCDD and PCB126 in bream and carp hepatocytes were in the same range, indicating similar sensitivity to these compounds. Due to their anti-estrogenic capacity with benchmark-concentrations in the pM range TCDD, PCDF and PCB126 may form a potential hazard for the reproductive success of fish species by inhibition of vitellogenesis.

Key Words: bream, carp, hepatocytes, vitellogenin, (anti-)estrogenicity, dioxins .


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