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ToxSci Advance Access published online on June 16, 2004
Toxicological Sciences, doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfh192
Toxicological Sciences © Society of Toxicology 2004; all rights reserved
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Received March 5, 2004
Accepted May 28, 2004

Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology

The {alpha},{beta},{gamma},{delta}-Unsaturated Aldehyde 2-trans-4-trans-Decadienal Disturbs DNA Replication and Mitotic Events in Early Sea Urchin Embryos

Espen Hansen 1*, Yasmine Even 2, Anne-Marie Genevière 2

1 Dept. of Aquatic Biosciences, NFH, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
2 Laboratoire Arago, CNRS-UMR 7628 UPMC, F-66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: espenh{at}nfh.uit.no.


  Abstract

The polyunsaturated aldehydes are highly reactive products of fatty acid peroxidation and combustion of organic materials, and they have been documented to have diverse cyctotoxic and genotoxic effects. The {alpha}, {beta}, {gamma}, {delta}-unsaturated aldehyde 2-trans-4-trans-decadienal is produced by marine microalgae, and it is known to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in several different cell types. However, the molecular basis for the cell cycle arrest is not fully understood. We used sea urchin embryos to examine how some of the key events of the mitotic cell division were influenced by this polyunsaturated aldehyde. We found that cell divisions in embryos of Sphaerechinus granularis were inhibited by 2-trans-4-trans-decadienal in a dose dependent manner with an EC50 of 1.3 µM. Mitotic events in the nondividing eggs were characterised using immunofluorescent staining. DNA labelling revealed that pronuclear migration was inhibited, and a total absence of incorporation of the DNA-base analogue 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine indicated that no DNA replication had occurred. Staining of {alpha}-tubulin subunits showed that tubulin-polymerization was disrupted and aberrations were induced in mitotic spindles. Furthermore, we monitored the activity of the G2-M promoting complex cyclin B-Cdk1 in newly fertilized sea urchin eggs, and found that this complex is not activated in embryos treated with 2-trans-4-trans-decadienal despite the accumulation of cyclin B.

Keywords: 2-trans-4-trans-decadienal, polyunsaturated aldehyde, sea urchin, cell cycle
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