ToxSci Advance Access published online on December 22, 2004
Toxicological Sciences, doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfi066
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1 The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Carbaryl, one of the most important insecticides, is widely produced and used. To explore carbaryl-induced genotoxic effects of spermatozoa, particularly DNA damage and chromosome aberrations (CA), we firstly examined conventional semen parameters, the progression and motion parameters of the spermatozoa among 16 carbaryl-exposed workers and 30 internal and external control individuals. Sperm DNA damage represented as positive percentage of DNA fragmentation was detected by a modified terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay. Then numerical CA of chromosome X, Y and 18 were investigated by multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The results showed significant differences in the percentage of sperm abnormality between carbaryl-exposed group and the external control group (P=0.008). Mean (±SD) percentage of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA in carbaryl-exposed group (21.04 ± 8.88%) was significantly higher than those in the internal (13.36 ± 12.17%) and external control groups (13.92 ± 7.15%), respectively (P=0.035 and P=0.030). Using FISH, we observed the frequency of sperm sex chromosome disomy was 0.661±0.238% in exposed group, which was significantly higher only than that in the external control group (0.386 ± 0.140%) (P=0.001), and carbaryl-exposed group (0.276 ± 0.126%) had an elevated chromosome 18 disomy compared with the internal (0.195 ± 0.094%) and external control groups (0.124 ± 0.068%), respectively (P<0.05 and P<0.01). In addition, carbaryl-exposed donors had significantly higher sperm nullisomic frequencies of sex chromosomes and chromosome 18 than the external controls (P<0.01) but not the internal controls. In summary, the frequencies of aneuploidy and numerical CA showed significant differences between exposed group and control groups (P<0.05 and/or P<0.01). Moreover, positive correlation were found between sex chromosome disomy, aneuploidy rate and morphologic abnormalities in spermatozoa of all donors (r=0.564 and r=0.555, P<0.01). Our findings suggested that carbaryl might induce morphologic abnormalities and genotoxic defects of spermatozoa among exposed workers by causing DNA fragmentation and numerical CA in spermatogenesis as a potential genotoxicant. These evidences also indicated that the spermatotoxicity induced by carbaryl-exposure might be related to adverse reproductive outcomes.
Received August 23, 2004
Accepted December 7, 2004
Genetic Toxicology
Genotoxic Effects on Spermatozoa of Carbaryl-Exposed Workers
2 Department of Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
Xinru Wang, E-mail: xrwang{at}njmu.edu.cn
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